MANHATTAN, Kan. — The requirement of more specific country-of-origin labels, a ruling upheld recently in U.S. district court, could mean that more information will be available for meat consumers to make purchasing decisions.
But it also could lead to economic loss for the U.S. meat industry and its trading partners, according to one ag economist.
On Sept. 11, a U.S. district judge refused to stop the government from requiring more specific labels on beef, pork, poultry and lamb products sold in stores.
The country-of-origin ruling (link opens judge’s 76-page opinion as .pdf) was a win for advocates of mandatory country-of-origin labeling (COOL) policy and a loss to U.S. meat packers and others wanting to abolish the policy, who view COOL as a low benefit, high cost scenario.
In limbo
COOL, a controversial U.S. food and agricultural labeling policy, has been in limbo since its mandatory implementation in 2009.
The policy requires that most fresh foods, including meat, indicate the country or countries where the product was born, grown, raised and slaughtered on the product’s label.
WTO, court challenge
Not long after the mandatory implementation, Canada and Mexico approached the World Trade Organization (WTO) to challenge COOL, as the countries believed the law hindered trade with the United States and violated the North American Free Trade Agreement.
The WTO sided with Canada and Mexico, which led to the United States revising its COOL policy last May.
What’s required
The revised policy requires packers to list individually the countries where the animal was born, raised and slaughtered.
For instance, a revised label on a package of beef sirloin steak might state, “Born in Mexico, raised and slaughtered in the United States.”
Before, the label for that same product more simply read, “Product of Mexico and the United States.”
Higher costs?
“More segregation (in the labels) will lead to more cost,” said Glynn Tonsor, associate professor of agricultural economics at Kansas State University.
Tonsor studied consumer demand impact of mandatory COOL on meat products and found that the typical U.S. consumer was unaware of COOL and that COOL implementation did not change consumer demand for beef steak, chicken breast or pork chop products.
More specificity on the labels, Tonsor said, could strengthen the problem Canada and Mexico faced initially and further discriminate against imported livestock.
Paper trail
The U.S. meat industry could also see take more of a financial hit. Tonsor said packers could more directly see added costs, as more specific labeling would require more bookkeeping and ensuring that all meat in each package, other than ground meat, came from the same source and was marked correctly.
Cow-calf producers could also bear some of the added cost indirectly in their calves.
Added costs, down the value chain, could negatively affect consumers’ wallets as well.
“Anything that adds cost in the value chain can cause an economic drain,” Tonsor said.
It is unclear if or how the WTO will intercede as this moves forward, but Tonsor said this is a multi-year process that was not completely resolved from this recent ruling.
