MADISON, Wis. — Can organic cropping systems be as productive as conventional systems?
The answer is an unqualified, “Yes” for alfalfa or wheat and a qualified “Yes, most of the time” for corn and soybeans, according to research reported by scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and agricultural consulting firm Agstat in the March-April 2008, issue of Agronomy Journal.
Trials
The researchers primarily based their answer on results from the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trials, conducted for 13 years (1990-2002) at Arlington, Wis., and eight years (1990-1997) at Elkhorn, Wis.
These trials compared six cropping systems (three cash grain and three forage-based crops) ranging from diverse, organic systems to less diverse, conventional systems.
The cash grain systems were conventional continuous corn; conventional corn-soybean; and organic corn-soybean-wheat where the wheat included a leguminous cover crop.
The three forage based systems were conventional corn-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa; organic corn-oats-alfalfa-alfalfa; and rotationally grazed pasture.
Results
In this research, they found that organic forage crops yielded as much or more dry matter as their conventional counterparts with quality sufficient to produce as much milk as the conventional systems; and organic grain crops — corn, soybean and winter wheat — produced 90 percent as well as their conventionally managed counterparts.
In spite of some climatic differences and a large difference in soil drainage between the two sites, the relatively small difference in the way the cropping systems performed suggested that these results are widely applicable across prairie-derived soils in the U.S. upper Midwest.
Other data
The researchers also compared their results to other data analysis done on this topic in the U.S. Midwest.
“There continue to be improvements in weed control for organic systems that may close the gap in productivity of corn and soybeans in wet seasons.”
Joshua L. Posner
University of Wisconsin
Although researchers found that diverse, low-input/organic cropping systems were as productive as conventional systems most of the time, there is a need for further research, according to the study’s author, Joshua L. Posner, University of Wisconsin.
“There continue to be improvements in weed control for organic systems that may close the gap in productivity of corn and soybeans in wet seasons,” Posner said.
“On the other hand, technological advances may accelerate productivity gains in conventional systems that would outstrip the gains in organic systems even in favorable years.”
Question
The true question of whether organic cropping systems are as productive as conventional systems is a dynamic question and one that requires continual reevaluation.
