By WILLIAM EDWARDS
AMES, Iowa — After several years of high grain prices and generous margins, crop producers are facing a 2009 that looks less than rosy.
Higher inputs costs and selling prices well below the peaks of 2008 will result in fewer dollars left over to pay landlords and put into savings.
Livestock producers have had to endure many months of thin or negative margins, as well.
Practices and strategies
Here is a list of possible financial management practices and strategies that could come in handy this year.
— Prepare an accurate set of financial statements. Highly variable inventory prices and increasing land values will make this year’s balance sheet look quite different from last year’s.
And for grain farmers, a net income statement for 2008 may be something for you to share with your lender. Check out the spreadsheets under the Finance section of Ag Decision Maker Web site.
— Prepare a detailed cash flow budget. Many crop farmers will have a hard time meeting all their cash commitments from sales in 2009. Higher input costs and rents will increase operating line requirements.
Livestock farmers
Livestock farmers will need to budget feed purchases carefully. More AgDM decision tools are available to make the task easier.
— Shop around for inputs. Depending on when suppliers booked fuel, fertilizer, pesticides and other inputs, prices may vary dramatically.
— Consider both cost savings and yield effects when applying inputs.
For example, cutting back on nitrogen fertilizer when costs are high makes sense, but only up to a point. Use the ISU Nitrogen Calculator to find the right level for current prices.
— Know your costs of production. When profitable selling opportunities arise, lock them in.
Watch for opportunities to price crop inputs, feed and feeder livestock, as well.
— Document yields for a possible crop insurance or SURE payment.
Payment
Many crop producers will receive an insurance indemnity payment due to falling prices in 2008 as well as from damage caused by rain or floods.
Additional payments may be available under the SURE disaster program in the new farm bill.
— Increase crop insurance coverage for 2009. Higher production costs may require higher levels of protection to assure a break-even level of revenue.
Cattle, hog, sheep and dairy producers can set price floors using LGM or LRP insurance programs.
— Consider enrolling in ACRE. Under the new farm bill program, Average Crop Revenue Election, crop producers can substitute a gross revenue protection plan for the current price counter cyclical program, with guarantees based on higher price levels and current yields.
— Use flexible lease agreements. Tying cash rents to a formula that takes into account both yields and prices will help protect margins.
High profits
Land owners can share in high profits when they are available with a flexible lease agreement.
— Defer capital purchases. When margins are narrower, replacing machinery, putting up new storage bins or bidding on more land may have to wait.
Replacement parts and overhauls are cheaper in the short run.
— Defer income taxes. Potential tax bills can be put off until future years through actions such as using expense method and early depreciation, deferring crop insurance payments based on yield losses, prepaying farm expenses and using income averaging.
— Compare financing rates. Federal interest rates are at historic lows.
Wide differences
There may be wide differences among agricultural lenders. Marketing loans from the Farm Service Agency are also available for short term financing.
— Consider refinancing long-term obligations. Compare possible interest savings to the costs of rewriting the loan. It may be a good time to convert variable rate loans to a fixed rate.
— Keep assets liquid. If gross revenue is not enough to cover production costs and family living expenses this year, keep funds in savings or short-term investments rather than assets that would be hard to convert to cash.
— Use equity in land, livestock and equipment. If cash reserves aren’t enough, talk to your lender about borrowing against fixed assets, with a multi-year repayment plan.
Cyclical industry
Agriculture has always been a cyclical industry. A good financial manager learns to balance the profits and losses to ensure long-term survival.
(William Edwards is an extension economist at Iowa State University, and can be reached at wedwards@iastate.edu.)
