DENVER — Every year, U.S. dairy farmers produce 3 billion more pounds of milk than the year before. For the past few years, production growth has outpaced processing capacity growth and dairy processors are struggling to keep pace, according to a new report from CoBank’s Knowledge Exchange Division.
As a result, “dairy processors are faced with the challenge of handling an ever-growing milk supply while anticipating the right product mix to meet consumer demand,” said Ben Laine, senior dairy economist at CoBank.
He estimates an additional 27 billion pounds of U.S. milk processing capacity will be needed over the next 10 years if current trends persist.
Capacity a ‘challenge’
Numerous new plants and plant expansion projects are underway or recently completed, but available capacity remains a challenge at times — especially in the Northeast and Mideast areas.
Dairy cooperatives that fill the role of market balancers are also looking for ways to discourage producers from expanding production.
Meanwhile, recent lower milk prices have led to lower input costs for processors, strengthening balance sheets and opening the door to expansion opportunities, said Laine.
Growth opportunities
Many dairy cooperatives and some independent processors have focused on building and expanding milk powder processing plants, able to meet international demand.
Conversely, without updates, some of the mid-size aging commodity plants, those that produce butter and nonfat dry milk, will struggle when competing against more modern powder plants, said Laine.
Specialty focus
Although U.S. consumers’ fluid milk consumption has been slowing, investments are occurring in fluid milk bottling plants to process specialty products like organic milk and extended shelf-life products or to upgrade and replace existing, aging infrastructure.
Recent expansions of cheese-making plants — which have the potential to handle much more substantial amounts of milk than other processing plants — have been completed in the Southwest.
And new plans for cheese plant expansions in the Upper Midwest are expected to relieve some of the region’s recent capacity constraints once they come online.
Increasingly, cooperatives are setting their sights on cheese plants as opposed to commodity balancing plants, and are looking to joint ventures as a means to do so, according to the CoBank report.
Foreign investment
In addition, many international companies are looking for ways to establish a U.S. manufacturing footprint to gain access to the U.S. milk supply for what is expected to be long-term growth in global demand.
