Every winter I get letters and emails from readers asking why they are seeing fewer birds at their feeders. For example, Sheryll Jameson, from Parkersburg, W.Va. writes, “I enjoy reading your column and wondered if you could answer a question for me. I have been feeding birds for several years and am disappointed by the lack of cardinals and blue jays this year. Do you have an explanation for this?”
Similarly, Frank Abruzzino emailed his worries about blue jays.
“We are long time readers of your columns and enjoy them very much. We have noticed very few blue jays in recent years, in fact, we do not recall seeing any the last two years. We maintain several feeders year-round. Do you have any thoughts why we no longer have them?”
And Don and Belva Spung, from Waterford, Ohio, report, “We are avid bird feeders, year round. In September, we had 15 pairs of cardinals and now we have just one pair. We wonder what could have happened to them.”
Possibilities
Answering such questions with confidence is difficult because many factors could be responsible, and I am not familiar with the specific situation.
It may be just a matter of using a poor quality bird seed mix that attracts fewer birds. Or maybe a neighbor offers more attractive foods such as sunflower kernels, nyjer, nuts, suet, and/or mealworms.
Another possibility is that disease can spread rapidly at feeders, where birds congregate. This is why feeders and the ground beneath them should be cleaned regularly.
The most likely explanation for fluctuations in wild bird populations is normal variation. Bird numbers rise and fall from year to year due to factors such as nesting success, predator abundance, weather, changes in habitat quality and increased road traffic. Few wildlife populations remain stable from year to year.
A cold wet spring, for example, can reduce nest success and fall population sizes. Sometimes a Cooper’s hawk or a few hungry, outdoor cats can hammer bird populations.
Weather
Winter weather has a major effect on activities at bird feeders. Cold, snowy conditions invariably increase visits to feeders. Last week’s record cold spell brought more birds to my feeders than I’ve seen in months.
Ice storms can be particularly catastrophic for wild birds. When ice covers everything for several days, birds starve because they cannot break through the ice to get to food. This is an important reason to be sure feeders are filled during ice storms.
Sometimes habitat changes cause bird numbers to increase or decrease. Recent activity by the natural gas industry in parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia has wreaked havoc on the landscape. Well pads and spider webs of pipelines riddle the countryside. And the truck traffic that accompanies these activities certainly takes a toll.
Furthermore, unless numbers of birds are somehow measured every year, it’s difficult to accurately detect population changes.
Example
For example, there may have been a few cold snowy days last winter when two dozen cardinals visited feeders, and that’s what’s remembered and compared to this year.
This is a good reason to record your observations in a field journal. That enables you to compare estimates of bird numbers from year to year.
Another option is to participate in Project FeederWatch, a citizen science exercise sponsored by Cornell’s Lab of Ornithology. Not only do participants get an annual record of their own observations, they also can compare their results to volunteers from across the country.
To get a broader perspective on this year’s winter bird populations, I checked with Emma Grieg, director of Project FeederWatch.
“So far this year, there’s nothing to suggest any widespread problem with winter birds,” she said. “And though we also get letters about fewer birds in some places, it’s no more this year than other years.”
So, if you think wild bird numbers are down this year, be patient. And be sure feeders are hilled during periods of severe winter weather.
